關係代名詞的功能是代替在主要子句出現過的｢先行詞｣，而先行詞在主要子句中可能是主詞、受詞或補語，或是人、物、人與物，關係代名詞也會隨著先行詞的種類，而有不同形態：
先行詞為
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主格
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受格
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所有格
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人
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who/that
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who/whom/that
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whose
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物
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which/that
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which/that
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whose
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人與物
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that
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that
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-
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關係代名詞省略：
關係代名詞在關係子句中當主詞時，不可省略
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The man is an engineer. The man speaks Arabic.(主詞)
The man who/that speaks Arabic is an engineer.
(說阿拉伯文的男人是工程師)
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關係代名詞在關係子句中當受詞時，可省略
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The concert was great. We saw the concert last Sunday.(受詞)
The concert (which/that) we saw last Sunday was great.
(我們上星期日看的演唱會很棒)
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用whose代替所有格，後接名詞，不可省略
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I know the boy. His classmates are friendly.
I know the boy whose classmates are friendly.
(我認識那位男孩的同學很友善)
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雖然從上面的表格，關係代名詞that可以替換使用，但在部份情況下，只能使用that，也有部分情況是不能使用that
必須使用that的情形
先行詞是｢人+物｣
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The woman and her dog that play the ball in the park are energetic.
(在公園玩球的女人與她的狗很有活力)
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疑問句已有who、which避免重複
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Which is the book that you have?
(哪本書是你擁有的)
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先行詞前有｢形容詞最高級｣修飾
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This is the most delicious food that I have ever eaten.
(這是我吃過最好吃的食物)
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先行詞前有｢all、no、any、the same、the only｣
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In my company, Jack is the only person that has traveled to Moldova.
(Jack是我公司裡唯一去過摩爾多瓦旅行的人)
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先行詞前有序數
the first/second…
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Jason is the last person that finished the mission.
(Jason是最後完成任務的人)
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不能使用that的情形
接在介係詞後面
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This is the company up which Mary sets.
=This is the company (which/that) Mary sets up.
(這間公司是Mary創立的)
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逗點後面(非限定用法)
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My cousin, who is 7 years old, visited my home last Sunday.
(我的表弟7歲，上星期日來我家)
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關係子句(Relative clause)
關係代名詞(Relative Pronoun)
複合關係代名詞(Compound relative pronoun)
關係副詞(Relative adverbs)
關係副詞-when(Relative adverbs-when)
關係副詞-where(Relative adverbs-where)
關係副詞-why(Relative adverbs-why)
關係副詞-how(Relative adverbs-how)
分裂句(Cleft sentence)
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